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Treaty of Westminster (1654)
The Treaty of Westminster, concluded between the Lord Protector of the English Commonwealth, Oliver Cromwell, and the States General of the United Netherlands, was signed on 5/15 April 1654. The treaty ended the First Anglo-Dutch War (1652-1654). The treaty is otherwise notable because it is one of the first treaties implementing international arbitration as a method of conflict resolution in early modern times. A secret clause, obliging the States of Holland to enact the Act of Seclusion, played an important part in Dutch internal politics during the First Stadtholderless Period.
==The negotiation process==
The negotiation of the treaty started long before the war. The Commonwealth of England had been established only in 1649 and the new state was seeking international recognition. Older established states, like the Dutch Republic, looked somewhat askance at the "upstart," which also was ruled by "king killers." The Dutch Republic had actively supported the royalist cause in the English Civil War, because of the family ties between the stadtholder William II, Prince of Orange and the English royal family, and only the fact that after his death in 1650 a new States Party regime had come to power in the Dutch Republic, made a thaw in Anglo-Dutch diplomatic relations more feasible.〔
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